PHP 和 XML: 使用expat函數(shù)(一)可擴(kuò)展標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)言(Extensible Markup Language )明顯是大多數(shù)開發(fā)人員將想要將其加入到他們的工具箱中的東西。XML是一種W3C的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它是開放的，語(yǔ)言中性的，API中性的，流式的，文本的，人類可讀 的， 并且是一種將結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)帶到web上的一種方法。XML是SGML的一個(gè)子集，它本身并不是一種標(biāo)識(shí) 語(yǔ)言，但是 它允許作者來(lái)定義他們自已的標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)言，以便同分級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)保持更好的一致性。 現(xiàn)在，用PHP 分析XML文檔已經(jīng)不是一個(gè)象我以前在web和其它地方所看到的被覆蓋得很深的專題了。 在 PHP手冊(cè)中已經(jīng)提供了一些對(duì)XML分析函數(shù)非常有用的信息，但是這個(gè)看上去好象就是我所能找到的 全部的信 息了。其它的語(yǔ)言看上去比PHP已經(jīng)有了更多的關(guān)于XML的信息和工作實(shí)例，所以在這篇文章 中，我將試圖為 改變這種情況作出我的一部分努力。 我將帶領(lǐng)讀者體驗(yàn)一個(gè)相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單的XML的應(yīng)用，那個(gè)應(yīng)用是為我的網(wǎng)站所做的新聞系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。我確實(shí)在 我的網(wǎng)站使用了這個(gè)應(yīng)用,現(xiàn)在它工作的很好。如果你喜歡你可以自由地使用它。好了，讓我們開始吧！ 為了在PHP中使XML分析函數(shù)有效，你需要一個(gè)支持XML 的模塊在你的web服務(wù)器上。這就意味著你將可能 不得不重新編譯你的模塊，以便可以支持XML，請(qǐng)參考這里來(lái)查看如何做到的更多的信息。XML 分析函數(shù)現(xiàn)在 真正地包含在一種SAX分析器expat中，它提供了 關(guān)于XML的簡(jiǎn)單的函數(shù)。另一種分析器是DOM分析器，它更容 易使用，關(guān)于它的一個(gè)例子就是微軟的MSXML分析器組件，它可以讓程序員通過(guò)操縱一種樹狀樣式的對(duì)象來(lái)處 理結(jié)點(diǎn)和元素。expat分析器(或任意的SAX 分析器)允許你分析一個(gè)XML文檔的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法是在對(duì)XML文檔進(jìn)行分 析的時(shí)候?qū)Σ煌臉?biāo)記類型指定回調(diào)函數(shù)來(lái)完成的。當(dāng)分析器開始分析你的XML文檔并且遇上了一個(gè)標(biāo)記，它 將調(diào)用你的函數(shù)，并且在繼續(xù)往下 執(zhí)行之前由你的函數(shù)對(duì)特定的標(biāo)記進(jìn)行處理。你可以把它看作是一種事件 驅(qū)動(dòng)的方法。 讓我們看一個(gè)使用'Newsboy'類來(lái)分析的XML文檔 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mynews.xml 03/31/2000 Sooo Busy ! I haven't posted anything here for a while now as I have been busy with work(have to pay those bills!). I have just finished a neat little script that stores a complete record set in a session variable after doing an SQL query. The neat part is that an XML doc is stored in the session variable an when paging through the results (often near 1000!) the script displays 50 results at a time from the XML doc in the session variable instead of doing another query against the database. It takes a BIG load off of the database server. 03/25/2000 NewsBoy Class Converted Newsboy to a PHP class to allow better abstraction (as far as PHP allows.) Guess that means this is version 0.02 ?! Newsboy will have a section of it's own soon on how to use and customize the class. 03/24/2000 NewsBoy is up! I have just finished NewsBoy v0.01 !!! It looks quite promising. You may ask, ""What the heck is it?!". Well it's a simple news system for web-sites, written in PHP, that makes use of XML for the news data format allowing easy updating and portability between platforms. It uses the built in expat parser for Apache. This is just the very first version and there will be loads of improvements as the project progresses. 03/24/2000 Romeo must Die Saw a really cool movie today at Mann called 'Romeo must Die' Nice fight scenes for a typical kung-fu movie with some 'Matrix' style effects. One particular cool effect was the 'X-Ray Vision' effect that occured in various fight scenes. The hero, played by Jet Li, strikes a bad guy and you can see the bone in his arm crack, in X-RAY vision. There were some funny scenes too when Jet has to play American football with the bad guys. The official website for the movie is <A > here </A> <IMG SRC="http://a1996.g.akamaitech.net/7/1996/25/e586077a88e7a4/ romeomustdie.net/images/image15.jpg" WIDTH=300 >