Python是解釋性語(yǔ)言, 底層就是用c實(shí)現(xiàn)的, 所以用python調(diào)用C是很容易的, 下面就總結(jié)一下各種調(diào)用的方法, 給出例子, 所有例子都在ubuntu9.10, python2.6下試過.

1. Python 調(diào)用 C (base)

想在python中調(diào)用c函數(shù), 如這兒的fact

#include <Python.h>int fact(int n){ if (n <= 1) return 1; else return n * fact(n - 1);}PyObject* wrap_fact(PyObject* self, PyObject* args){ int n, result; if (! PyArg_ParseTuple(args, 'i:fact', &n)) return NULL; result = fact(n); return Py_BuildValue('i', result);}static PyMethodDef exampleMethods[] ={ {'fact', wrap_fact, METH_VARARGS, 'Caculate N!'}, {NULL, NULL}};void initexample(){ PyObject* m; m = Py_InitModule('example', exampleMethods);}

把這段代碼存為wrapper.c, 編成so庫(kù),

gcc -fPIC wrapper.c -o example.so -shared -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I/usr/lib/python2.6/config

然后在有此so庫(kù)的目錄, 進(jìn)入python, 可以如下使用

import example

example.fact(4)

2. Python 調(diào)用 C++ (base)

在python中調(diào)用C++類成員函數(shù), 如下調(diào)用TestFact類中的fact函數(shù),

#include <Python.h>class TestFact{ public: TestFact(){}; ~TestFact(){}; int fact(int n);};int TestFact::fact(int n){ if (n <= 1) return 1; else return n * (n - 1);}int fact(int n){ TestFact t; return t.fact(n);}PyObject* wrap_fact(PyObject* self, PyObject* args){ int n, result; if (! PyArg_ParseTuple(args, 'i:fact', &n)) return NULL; result = fact(n); return Py_BuildValue('i', result);}static PyMethodDef exampleMethods[] ={ {'fact', wrap_fact, METH_VARARGS, 'Caculate N!'}, {NULL, NULL}};extern 'C' //不加會(huì)導(dǎo)致找不到initexamplevoid initexample(){ PyObject* m; m = Py_InitModule('example', exampleMethods);}

把這段代碼存為wrapper.cpp, 編成so庫(kù),

g++ -fPIC wrapper.cpp -o example.so -shared -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I/usr/lib/python2.6/config

然后在有此so庫(kù)的目錄, 進(jìn)入python, 可以如下使用

import example

example.fact(4)

3. Python 調(diào)用 C++ (Boost.Python)

Boost庫(kù)是非常強(qiáng)大的庫(kù), 其中的python庫(kù)可以用來封裝c++被python調(diào)用, 功能比較強(qiáng)大, 不但可以封裝函數(shù)還能封裝類, 類成員.

http://dev.gameres.com/Program/Abstract/Building%20Hybrid%20Systems%20with%20Boost_Python.CHN.by.JERRY.htm

首先在ubuntu下安裝boost.python, apt-get install libboost-python-dev

#include <boost/python.hpp>char const* greet(){ return 'hello, world';}BOOST_PYTHON_MODULE(hello){ using namespace boost::python; def('greet', greet);}

把代碼存為hello.cpp, 編譯成so庫(kù)

g++ hello.cpp -o hello.so -shared -I/usr/include/python2.5 -I/usr/lib/python2.5/config -lboost_python-gcc42-mt-1_34_1

此處python路徑設(shè)為你的python路徑, 并且必須加-lboost_python-gcc42-mt-1_34_1, 這個(gè)庫(kù)名不一定是這個(gè), 去/user/lib查

然后在有此so庫(kù)的目錄, 進(jìn)入python, 可以如下使用

>>> import hello>>> hello.greet()’hello, world’

4. python 調(diào)用 c++ (ctypes)

ctypes is an advanced ffi (Foreign Function Interface) packagefor Python 2.3 and higher. In Python 2.5 it is alreadyincluded.

ctypes allows to call functions in dlls/shared libraries and hasextensive facilities to create, access and manipulate simple andcomplicated C data types in Python - in other words: wraplibraries in pure Python. It is even possible to implement Ccallback functions in pure Python.

http://python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/

#include <Python.h>class TestFact{ public: TestFact(){}; ~TestFact(){}; int fact(int n);};int TestFact::fact(int n){ if (n <= 1) return 1; else return n * (n - 1);}extern 'C'int fact(int n){ TestFact t; return t.fact(n);}

將代碼存為wrapper.cpp不用寫python接口封裝, 直接編譯成so庫(kù),

g++ -fPIC wrapper.cpp -o example.so -shared -I/usr/include/python2.6 -I/usr/lib/python2.6/config

進(jìn)入python, 可以如下使用

>>> import ctypes>>> pdll = ctypes.CDLL(’/home/ubuntu/tmp/example.so’)>>> pdll.fact(4)12

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